Jimmy Carter’s passing signifies more than the loss of a former U.S. president; it marks the end of an era defined by progressive evangelicalism—a movement rooted in faith, compassion, and a commitment to social reform. This distinctive religious tradition, with deep historical roots and a focus on uplifting the marginalized,
not only shaped Carter’s life and career but also influenced American politics during the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, the legacy of progressive evangelicalism seems to have waned, overshadowed by the rise of the Religious Right and its alignment with conservative politics.
The Roots of Progressive Evangelicalism
Progressive evangelicalism traces its origins to the Second Great Awakening of the 19th century. This religious revival emphasized moral reform and social justice, echoing the teachings of Jesus to care for “the least of these.” Evangelicals of this era actively sought to end slavery, promote women’s suffrage, and expand educational opportunities for underprivileged children. These efforts positioned evangelicals as key players in shaping American society based on principles of godliness and equality.
During the antebellum period, progressive evangelicalism reached its zenith, as activists worked tirelessly to abolish slavery and advocate for peace. Even after the Civil War, figures like William Jennings Bryan carried the torch of progressive evangelical ideals, championing workers’ rights and women’s equality. However, the 20th century brought challenges, including the infamous Scopes Trial of 1925, which damaged the public perception of evangelicals and led many to retreat from political engagement.
Jimmy Carter: A Beacon of Progressive Evangelicalism
Jimmy Carter’s life exemplifies the values of progressive evangelicalism. Born in Plains, Georgia, and deeply rooted in Southern Baptist traditions, Carter carried his faith into public service. His rise to the presidency in 1976 was fueled by a nation seeking integrity and moral leadership in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal. As a Sunday school teacher and advocate for justice, Carter embodied the ethical principles many Americans longed for in a leader.
Carter’s campaign echoed the ideals of the Chicago Declaration of Evangelical Social Concern, a 1973 document that reignited the progressive evangelical movement. This declaration called for racial, economic, and gender equality, while condemning racism, militarism, and poverty. As president, Carter sought to translate these values into policy, advocating for human rights, environmental conservation, and social justice.
The Challenges of Carter’s Presidency
Despite his commitment to progressive ideals, Carter faced significant challenges during his presidency. His efforts to negotiate the Panama Canal treaties and promote peace in the Middle East demonstrated his dedication to diplomacy and fairness, but these initiatives often met resistance. Domestically, a struggling economy, the Iran hostage crisis, and internal divisions within his party weakened his political standing.
Carter’s defeat in the 1980 election to Ronald Reagan marked a turning point for progressive evangelicalism. The rise of the Religious Right, led by figures like Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson, signaled a shift in evangelical priorities. This movement, closely aligned with conservative politics, emphasized opposition to abortion and other cultural issues, distancing itself from the broader social justice agenda that Carter championed.
The Decline of Progressive Evangelicalism
The 1980s witnessed the consolidation of the Religious Right’s influence within the Republican Party. White evangelicals became a reliable voting bloc for conservative candidates, driven by a sense of victimization and a belief that their values were under siege. This rhetoric, coupled with a focus on “family values,” propelled leaders like Reagan and later Donald Trump to power.
In contrast, progressive evangelicalism struggled to maintain its voice in the public sphere. Advocates like Jim Wallis and William Barber II, along with institutions such as Sojourners and the Black church, sought to keep the tradition alive, but their impact paled in comparison to the media megaphones of their conservative counterparts. The narrative of evangelical victimhood overshadowed the inclusive and justice-oriented message of progressive evangelicals.
Jimmy Carter’s Post-Presidency Legacy
After leaving office, Carter dedicated himself to humanitarian work, embodying the principles of progressive evangelicalism more fully than ever. The Carter Center, founded in 1982, became a hub for initiatives aimed at eradicating disease, monitoring elections, and promoting peace and human rights worldwide. Carter’s hands-on involvement with Habitat for Humanity showcased his commitment to serving “the least of these,” a core tenet of his faith.
Carter’s later years also highlighted his resilience and dedication. Even after facing personal and political setbacks, he continued to teach Sunday school and advocate for social justice. His humility and unwavering belief in the power of ordinary people to effect change left an indelible mark on American society.
The Lasting Impact of Jimmy Carter and Progressive Evangelicalism
Jimmy Carter’s passing underscores the transformative power of faith-driven activism. As a progressive evangelical, he championed causes that aligned with the teachings of Jesus—caring for the poor, promoting equality, and seeking peace. While the movement he represented has waned in influence, its principles remain a source of inspiration for those committed to justice and compassion.
The eclipse of progressive evangelicalism in American politics reflects broader cultural and ideological shifts. Yet, Carter’s legacy serves as a reminder that faith can be a force for good, challenging systemic injustices and advocating for a more equitable society. In honoring his life, we are called to reflect on the values he espoused and to consider how they can guide us in addressing the challenges of our time.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is progressive evangelicalism?
Progressive evangelicalism is a religious movement rooted in the teachings of Jesus, emphasizing social justice, equality, and care for marginalized communities. It gained prominence during the 19th century and has influenced American politics and society.
How did Jimmy Carter embody progressive evangelicalism?
As a devout Christian and public servant, Carter championed policies focused on racial, economic, and gender equality. His humanitarian efforts after his presidency further demonstrated his commitment to these values.
Why did progressive evangelicalism decline?
The rise of the Religious Right in the 1980s, coupled with its alignment with conservative politics, overshadowed the inclusive and justice-oriented message of progressive evangelicals.
What is the Carter Center’s mission?
Founded by Jimmy Carter, the Carter Center focuses on promoting peace, fighting disease, monitoring elections, and advocating for human rights worldwide.
What is Jimmy Carter’s lasting legacy?
Carter’s legacy lies in his dedication to social justice, humanitarian work, and his unwavering faith in the power of individuals to create a more equitable and compassionate worl